Comparing the Potential of Silicon Nanoparticles and Conventional Silicon for Salinity Stress Alleviation in Soybean (Glycine max L.): Growth and Physiological Traits and Rhizosphere/Endophytic Bacterial Communities.

In this study, 20-day-old soybean plants were watered with 100 mL of 100 mM NaCl solution and sprayed with silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) or potassium silicate every 3 days over 15 days, with a final dosage of 12 mg of SiO2 per plant. We assessed the alterations in the plant's growth and physiological traits, and the responses of bacterial microbiome within the leaf endosphere, rhizosphere, and root endosphere. The result showed that the type of silicon did not significantly impact most of the plant parameters. However, the bacterial communities within the leaf and root endospheres had a stronger response to SiO2 NPs treatment, showing enrichment of 24 and 13 microbial taxa, respectively, compared with the silicate treatment, which led to the enrichment of 9 and 8 taxonomic taxa, respectively. The rhizosphere bacterial communities were less sensitive to SiO2 NPs, enriching only 2 microbial clades, compared to the 8 clades enriched by silicate treatment. Furthermore, SiO2 NPs treatment enriched beneficial genera, such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Variovorax in the leaf and root endosphere, likely enhancing plant growth and salinity stress resistance. These findings highlight the potential of SiO2 NPs for foliar application in sustainable farming by enhancing plant-microbe interactions to improve salinity tolerance.

Protection of Si Nanowires against Aß Toxicity by the Inhibition of Aß Aggregation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aß) plaques in the brain. Aß1-42 is the main component of Aß plaque, which is toxic to neuronal cells. Si nanowires (Si NWs) have the advantages of small particle size, high specific surface area, and good biocompatibility, and have potential application prospects in suppressing Aß aggregation. In this study, we employed the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism to grow Si NWs using Au nanoparticles as catalysts in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. Subsequently, these Si NWs were transferred to a phosphoric acid buffer solution (PBS). We found that Si NWs significantly reduced cell death in PC12 cells (rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells) induced by Aß1-42 oligomers via double staining with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and fluorescein diacetate/propyl iodide (FDA/PI). Most importantly, pre-incubated Si NWs largely prevented Aß1-42 oligomer-induced PC12 cell death, suggesting that Si NWs exerts an anti-Aß neuroprotective effect by inhibiting Aß aggregation. The analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) results demonstrates that Si NWs reduce the toxicity of fibrils and oligomers by intervening in the formation of ß-sheet structures, thereby protecting the viability of nerve cells. Our findings suggest that Si NWs may be a potential therapeutic agent for AD by protecting neuronal cells from the toxicity of Aß1-42.

Iron and silicon modified biochar for enhancing cadmium removal from water: Unveiling the crucial role of iron-induced silicon dissolution.

The interaction mechanisms of silicon (Si) and active ingredient iron (Fe) on cadmium (Cd) removal are still unknown. Herein, the Fe/Si modified biochar (Fe/Si-BC) was synthesized to enhance Cd removal by pre-immersion of Fe and ball milling loading of Si. Detailed characterizations indicated that Fe and Si were successfully introduced into Fe/Si-BC, resulting in the formation of a new metallic silicate (Ca2.87Fe0.13(SiO3)2). The maximum Cd adsorption capacity of Fe/Si-BC (31.66 mg g-1) was 3.6 times and 2.5 times higher than that of Fe-BC (8.89 mg g-1) and Si-BC (11.03 mg g-1), respectively, deriving from an enhancement of Si dissolution induced by Fe introduction. The dissolved Si could capture and combine Cd to form CdSiO3 precipitation, which was strongly supported by the random forest regression and correlation between dissolved Si content and Cd adsorption capacity. This study advances the mechanistic insights into synergistic functions of Si and Fe in Cd removal.

Multi-project wafers for flexible thin-film electronics by independent foundries.

Flexible and large-area electronics rely on thin-film transistors (TFTs) to make displays1-3, large-area image sensors4-6, microprocessors7-11, wearable healthcare patches12-15, digital microfluidics16,17 and more. Although silicon-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chips are manufactured using several dies on a single wafer and the multi-project wafer concept enables the aggregation of various CMOS chip designs within the same die, TFT fabrication is currently lacking a fully verified, universal design approach. This increases the cost and complexity of manufacturing TFT-based flexible electronics, slowing down their integration into more mature applications and limiting the design complexity achievable by foundries. Here we show a stable and high-yield TFT platform for the fabless manufacturing of two mainstream TFT technologies, wafer-based amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide and panel-based low-temperature polycrystalline silicon, two key TFT technologies applicable to flexible substrates. We have designed the iconic 6502 microprocessor in both technologies as a use case to demonstrate and expand the multi-project wafer approach. Enabling the foundry model for TFTs, as an analogy of silicon CMOS technologies, can accelerate the growth and development of applications and technologies based on these devices.

Designing process and analysis of a new SOI-MESFET structure with enhanced DC and RF characteristics for high-frequency and high-power applications.

This research introduces a new designing process and analysis of an innovative Silicon-on-Insulator Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect (SOI MESFET) structure that demonstrates improved DC and RF characteristics. The design incorporates several modifications to control and reduce the electric field concentration within the channel. These modifications include relocating the transistor channel to sub-regions near the source and drain, adjusting the position of the gate electrode closer to the source, introducing an aluminum layer beneath the channel, and integrating an oxide layer adjacent to the gate. The results show that the AlOx-MESFET configuration exhibits a remarkable increase of 128% in breakdown voltage and 156% in peak power. Furthermore, due to enhanced conductivity and a significant reduction in gate-drain capacitance, there is a notable improvement of 53% in the cut-off frequency and a 28% increase in the maximum oscillation frequency. Additionally, the current gain experiences a boost of 15%. The improved breakdown voltage and peak power make it suitable for applications requiring robust performance under high voltage and power conditions. The increased maximum oscillation frequency and cut-off frequency make it ideal for high-frequency applications where fast signal processing is crucial. Moreover, the enhanced current gain ensures efficient amplification of signals. The introduced SOI MESFET structure with its modifications offers significant improvements in various performance metrics. It provides high oscillation frequency, better breakdown voltage and good cut-off frequency, and current gain compared to the traditional designs. These enhancements make it a highly desirable choice for applications that demand high-frequency and high-power capabilities.

Supermolecular Confined Silicon Phosphorescence Nanoprobes for Time-Resolved Hypoxic Imaging Analysis.

Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) nanoprobes play crucial roles in hypoxia imaging due to their high signal-to-background ratio (SBR) in the time domain. However, synthesizing RTP probes in aqueous media with a small size and high quantum yield remains challenging for intracellular hypoxic imaging up to present. Herein, aqueous RTP nanoprobes consisting of naphthalene anhydride derivatives, cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), and organosilicon are reported via supermolecular confined methods. Benefiting from the noncovalent confinement of CB[7] and hydrolysis reactions of organosilicon, such small-sized RTP nanoprobes (5-10 nm) exhibit inherent tunable phosphorescence (from 400 to 680 nm) with microsecond second lifetimes (up to ∼158.7 µs) and high quantum yield (up to ∼30%). The as-prepared RTP nanoprobes illustrate excellent intracellular hypoxia responsibility in a broad range from ∼0.1 to 21% oxygen concentrations. Compared to traditional fluorescence mode, the SBR value (∼108.69) of microsecond-range time-resolved in vitro imaging is up to 2.26 times greater in severe hypoxia (<0.1% O2), offering opportunities for precision imaging analysis in a hypoxic environment.

Surface charge-dependent cytokine production using near-infrared emitting silicon quantum dots.

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) is a protein that helps our immune system identify specific DNA types. Upon detection, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides signal the immune system to generate cytokines, essential proteins that contribute to the body's defence against infectious diseases. Native phosphodiester type B CpG ODNs induce only Interleukin-6 with no effect on interferon-α. We prepared silicon quantum dots containing different surface charges, such as positive, negative, and neutral, using amine, acrylate-modified Plouronic F-127, and Plouronic F-127. Then, class B CpG ODNs are loaded on the surface of the prepared SiQDs. The uptake of ODNs varies based on the surface charge; positively charged SiQDs demonstrate higher adsorption compared to SiQDs with negative and neutral surface charges. The level of cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found to be associated with the surface charge of SiQDs prior to the binding of the CpG ODNs. Significantly higher levels of IL-6 and IFN-α induction were observed compared to neutral and negatively charged SiQDs loaded with CpG ODNs. This observation strongly supports the notion that the surface charge of SiQDs effectively regulates cytokine induction.

Development of wafer-scale multifunctional nanophotonic neural probes for brain activity mapping.

Optical techniques, such as optogenetic stimulation and functional fluorescence imaging, have been revolutionary for neuroscience by enabling neural circuit analysis with cell-type specificity. To probe deep brain regions, implantable light sources are crucial. Silicon photonics, commonly used for data communications, shows great promise in creating implantable devices with complex optical systems in a compact form factor compatible with high volume manufacturing practices. This article reviews recent developments of wafer-scale multifunctional nanophotonic neural probes. The probes can be realized on 200 or 300 mm wafers in commercial foundries and integrate light emitters for photostimulation, microelectrodes for electrophysiological recording, and microfluidic channels for chemical delivery and sampling. By integrating active optical devices to the probes, denser emitter arrays, enhanced on-chip biosensing, and increased ease of use may be realized. Silicon photonics technology makes possible highly versatile implantable neural probes that can transform neuroscience experiments.

Tissue equivalent conversion of silicon-based microdosemeters in hadron therapy.

Silicon has been developed as a microdosemeter, as it can provide sensitive volumes at submicrometric levels, does not need a gas supply, has a fast response, and has low power consumption. However, since the energy response in silicon is not the same as that in tissue, a spectral conversion from silicon to tissue is necessary to obtain the probability distribution of energy deposition in tissue. In this work, we present a method for microdosimetric spectra conversion from silicon to tissue based on the scaled Fourier transformation and the geometric scaling factor, which shows relatively good results in the spectral conversion from diamond to tissue. The results illustrate that the method can convert the energy deposition spectra from silicon to tissue with proper accuracy. Meanwhile, the inconsistency between the converted and actual spectra due to the inherent difference was also observed. Whereas, the reasons for the disagreement are different. For the plateau part of the Bragg curve, the discrepancy between the converted and actual spectra is due to the poor tissue equivalent of silicon. For the proximal part of the Bragg curve, the spectral difference is attributed to the different shapes of the energy deposition spectra obtained in silicon and water, which is the same as that in the diamond. In summary, this method can be employed in the tissue equivalent conversion of silicon microdosemeter, but the poor tissue equivalent of silicon limited the accuracy of this method. In addition, the correction for the deviation between the converted and calculated spectra due to the difference in spectral shapes is required to improve the practicality of this mod.

Green separation and decomposition of crystalline silicon photovoltaic module's backsheet by using ethanol.

The treatment and recycling of discarded crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules (c-Si PV modules) has become a research focus, but few research have paid attention to the standardized treatment of c-Si PV module's fluorinated backsheet. Improper management of fluorinated backsheet can pose ecological and human health risks. Therefore, this study presents a novel method for processing the backsheet. The proposed approach entailed the utilization of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) to separate the backsheet from the PV module. Subsequently, the separated backsheet underwent decomposition using an alkaline ethanol (NaOH-CH3CH2OH) solution. Finally, the backsheet was recovered in the form of terephthalic acid (TPA) with a purity of 97.47 %. This recovered TPA can then serve as a valuable raw material for producing new backsheets, fostering a closed-loop material circulation. Experimental results demonstrate that immersing the PV module in a 75 % CH3CH2OH-H2O solution at a temperature of 343 K for 30 min achieved 100 % separation of the backsheet. Furthermore, subjecting the separated backsheet to a 60 min reaction in an NaOH-CH3CH2OH solution with a temperature of 343 K and a NaOH concentration of 1.0 mol/L achieved complete decomposition. The reaction mechanism was analyzed through characterization methods such as SEM/EDS, NMR, FTIR and XRD. This method is efficient, non-toxic organic reagent-free and environmentally friendly, so it holds significant potential for further development in the field of c-Si PV module recycling.

Ultrasensitive 3D Stacked Silicon Nanosheet Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor with Overcoming Debye Shielding Effect for Detection of DNA.

Silicon nanowire field effect (SiNW-FET) biosensors have been successfully used in the detection of nucleic acids, proteins and other molecules owing to their advantages of ultra-high sensitivity, high specificity, and label-free and immediate response. However, the presence of the Debye shielding effect in semiconductor devices severely reduces their detection sensitivity. In this paper, a three-dimensional stacked silicon nanosheet FET (3D-SiNS-FET) biosensor was studied for the high-sensitivity detection of nucleic acids. Based on the mainstream Gate-All-Around (GAA) fenestration process, a three-dimensional stacked structure with an 8 nm cavity spacing was designed and prepared, allowing modification of probe molecules within the stacked cavities. Furthermore, the advantage of the three-dimensional space can realize the upper and lower complementary detection, which can overcome the Debye shielding effect and realize high-sensitivity Point of Care Testing (POCT) at high ionic strength. The experimental results show that the minimum detection limit for 12-base DNA (4 nM) at 1 × PBS is less than 10 zM, and at a high concentration of 1 µM DNA, the sensitivity of the 3D-SiNS-FET is approximately 10 times higher than that of the planar devices. This indicates that our device provides distinct advantages for detection, showing promise for future biosensor applications in clinical settings.

Optimization of Newtonian fluid pressure in microcantilever integrated flexible microfluidic channel for healthcare application.

The demand for microfluidic pressure sensors is ever-increasing in various industries due to their crucial role in controlling fluid pressure within microchannels. While syringe pump setups have been traditionally used to regulate fluid pressure in microfluidic devices, they often result in larger setups that increase the cost of the device. To address this challenge and miniaturize the syringe pump setup, the researcher introduced integrated T-microcantilever-based microfluidic devices. In these devices, microcantilevers are incorporated, and their deflections correlate with the microchannel's pressure. When the relative pressure of fluid (plasma) changes, the T-microcantilever deflects, and the extent of this deflection provides information on fluid pressure within the microchannel. In this work, finite element method (FEM) based simulation was carried out to investigate the role of material, and geometric parameters of the cantilever, and the fluid viscosity on the pressure sensing capability of the T-microcantilever integrated microfluidic channel. The T-microcantilever achieves a maximum deflection of 127µm at a 5000µm/s velocity for Young's modulus(E) of 360 kPa of PDMS by employing a hinged structure. On the other hand, a minimum deflection of 4.05 × 10-5µm was attained at 5000µm/s for Young's modulus of 1 TPa for silicon. The maximum deflected angle of the T-cantilever is 20.46° for a 360 kPa Young's modulus while the minimum deflection angle of the T-cantilever is measured at 13.77° for 900 KPa at a fluid velocity of 5000µm s-1. The T-cantilever functions as a built-in microchannel that gauges the fluid pressure within the microchannel. The peak pressure, set at 8.86 Pa on the surface of the cantilever leads to a maximum deflection of 0.096µm (approximately 1µm) in the T-cantilever at a 1:1 velocity ratio. An optimized microfluidic device embedded with microchannels can optimize fluid pressure in a microchannel support cell separation.

Long-term effects of compound passivator coupled with silicon fertilizer on the reduction of cadmium and arsenic accumulation in rice and health risk evaluation.

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) are precedence-controlled contaminants in paddy soils, that can easily accumulate in rice grains. Limestone and sepiolite (LS) compound passivator can obviously reduce Cd uptake in rice, whereas Si fertilizer can effectively decrease rice As uptake. Here, the synergistic effects of the LS compound passivator coupled with Si fertilizer (LSCS) on the soil pH and availability of Si, Cd, and As, as well as rice grain Cd and As accumulation and its health risk were studied based on a 3-year consecutive field experiment. The results showed that the LSCS performed the best in terms of synchronously decreasing soil Cd and As availability and rice Cd and As uptake. In the LSCS treatments, soil pH gradually decreased with the rice-planting season, while soil available Cd and As contents gradually increased, suggesting that the influence of LSCS on Cd and As availability gradually weakened with rice cultivation. Nonetheless, the contents of Cd and inorganic As (i-As) in rice grains treated with LSCS were slightly affected by cultivation but were significantly lower than the single treatments of LS compound passivator or Si fertilizer. According to the Cd and As limit standards in food (GB2762-2022), the Cd and i-As content in rice grains can be lowered below the standard by using the 4500 kg/hm2 LS compound passivator coupled with 90 kg/hm2 Si fertilizer in soil and spraying 0.4 g/L Si fertilizer on rice leaves for at least three years. Furthermore, health risk evaluation revealed that LSCS treatments significantly reduced the estimated daily intake, annual excess lifetime cancer risk, and hazard quotient of Cd and i-As in rice grains. These findings suggest that LSCS could be a viable approach for reducing Cd and As accumulation in rice grains and lowering the potential health risks associated with rice.

Design of a Porous Silicon Biosensor: Characterization, Modeling, and Application to the Indirect Detection of Bacteria.

The design of a porous silicon (PSi) biosensor is not often documented, but is of the upmost importance to optimize its performance. In this work, the motivation behind the design choices of a PSi-based optical biosensor for the indirect detection of bacteria via their lysis is detailed. The transducer, based on a PSi membrane, was characterized and models were built to simulate the analyte diffusion, depending on the porous nanostructures, and to optimize the optical properties. Once all performances and properties were analyzed and optimized, a theoretical response was calculated. The theoretical limit of detection was computed as 104 CFU/mL, based on the noise levels of the optical setup. The experimental response was measured using 106 CFU/mL of Bacillus cereus as model strain, lysed by bacteriophage-coded endolysins PlyB221. The obtained signal matched the expected response, demonstrating the validity of our design and models.

Solution-Induced Degradation of the Silicon Nanobelt Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors.

Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors are powerful analytical tools for detecting trace-specific biomolecules in diverse sample matrices, especially in the realms of pandemics and infectious diseases. The primary concern in applying these biosensors is their stability, a factor directly impacting the accuracy and reliability of sensing over extended durations. The risk of biosensor degradation is substantial, potentially jeopardizing the sensitivity and selectivity and leading to inaccurate readings, including the possibility of false positives or negatives. This paper delves into the documented degradation of silicon nanobelt FET (NBFET) biosensors induced by buffer solutions. The results highlight a positive correlation between immersion time and the threshold voltage of NBFET devices. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis demonstrates a gradual increase in sodium and potassium ion concentrations within the silicon as immersion days progress. This outcome is ascribed to the nanobelt's exposure to the buffer solution during the biosensing period, enabling ion penetration from the buffer into the silicon. This study emphasizes the critical need to address buffer-solution-induced degradation to ensure the long-term stability and performance of FET-based biosensors in practical applications.

Implantable pH Sensing System Using Vertically Stacked Silicon Nanowire Arrays and Body Channel Communication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Monitoring.

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are emerging as versatile components in the fabrication of sensors for implantable medical devices because of their exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. This paper presents a novel top-down fabrication method for vertically stacked SiNWs, eliminating the need for wet oxidation, wet etching, and nanolithography. The integration of these SiNWs into body channel communication (BCC) circuits was also explored. The fabricated SiNWs were confirmed to be capable of forming arrays with multiple layers and rows. The SiNW-based pH sensors demonstrated a robust response to pH changes, and when tested with BCC circuits, they showed that it was possible to quantize based on pH when transmitting data through the human body. This study successfully developed a novel method for SiNW fabrication and integration into BCC circuits, which could lead to improvements in the reliability and efficiency of implantable medical sensors. The findings demonstrate significant potential for bioelectronic applications and real-time biochemical monitoring.

Visualization Materials Using Silicon-Based Optical Nanodisks (ViSiON) for Enhanced NIR Imaging in Ophthalmology.

ViSiON (visualization materials composed of silicon-based optical nanodisks) is presented, which offers a unique optical combination of near-infrared (NIR) optical properties and biodegradability. Initially, numerical simulations are conducted to calculate the total extinction and scattering effects of ViSiON by the diameter-to-thickness ratio, predicting precise control over its scattering properties in the NIR region. A top-down patterning technique is employed to synthesize ViSiON with accurate diameter and thickness control. ViSiON with a 50 nm thickness exhibits scattering properties over 400 times higher than that of 30 nm, rendering it suitable as a contrast agent for optical coherence tomography (OCT), especially in ophthalmic applications. Furthermore, ViSiON possesses inherent biodegradability in media, with ≈95% degradation occurring after 48 h, and the degradation rate can be finely tuned based on the quantity of protein coating applied to the surface. Subsequently, the OCT imaging capability is validated even within vessels smaller than 300 µm, simulating retinal vasculature using a retinal phantom. Then, using an ex ovo chick embryo model, it is demonstrated that ViSiON enhances the strength of protein membranes by 6.17 times, thereby presenting the potential for ViSiON as an OCT imaging probe capable of diagnosing retinal diseases.

SERS-based detection of the antibiotic ceftriaxone in spiked fresh plasma and microdialysate matrix by using silver-functionalized silicon nanowire substrates.

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is an important tool in precision medicine as it allows estimating pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of drugs in clinical settings. An accurate, fast and real-time determination of the drug concentrations in patients ensures fast decision-making processes at the bedside to optimize the clinical treatment. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which is based on the application of metallic nanostructured substrates to amplify the inherent weak Raman signal, is a promising technique in medical research due to its molecular specificity and trace sensitivity accompanied with short detection times. Therefore, we developed a SERS-based detection scheme using silicon nanowires decorated with silver nanoparticles, fabricated by means of top-down etching combined with chemical deposition, to detect the antibiotic ceftriaxone (CRO) in spiked fresh plasma and microdialysis samples. We successfully detected CRO in both matrices with an LOD of 94 µM in protein-depleted fresh plasma and 1.4 µM in microdialysate.

Highly Sensitive Microarray Immunoassay for Multiple Mycotoxins on Engineered 3D Porous Silicon SERS Substrate with Silver Nanoparticle Magnetron Sputtering.

A high-throughput, rapid, and highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) microarray for screening multiple mycotoxins has been developed on a three-dimensional silver nanoparticle porous silicon (3D AgNP-Psi) SERS substrate, which was easy to be engineered by electrochemical etching and magnetron sputtering technology. The etching current density, etching waveform, and target material for magnetron sputtering have been investigated to obtain an optimal 3D SERS substrate. The optimized 3D AgNP-Psi SERS substrate showed an enhancement factor of 2.3 × 107 at 400 mA/cm2 constant current density etching for 20 s and Ag target magnetron sputtering for 200 nm thickness on the surface of Psi. The simulation electric field distribution showed the near-field enhancement can reach 3× higher than that of AuNPs. A protein microarray has been designed to screen multiple mycotoxins by AuNP Raman tags and a competitive immunoassay protocol on the surface of the 3D SERS substrate. The SERS protein microarray displayed wide linear detection ranges of 0.001-100 ng/mL for ochratoxin A, 0.01-100 ng/mL for aflatoxin B1, 0.001-10 ng/mL for deoxynivalenol, along with pg/mL low limit of detection, good recovery rates, repeatability, and reproducibility. The 3D SERS protein microarray is easily engineered and has a great potential application in medicine, environment, and food industry fields.

Atypical methods for characterization of used photovoltaic panels during their pre- and Post-Thermal treatment assessment.

The study presents an innovative approach to the analysis of waste silicon photovoltaic panels prior and after thermal treatment. Using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), the elemental composition of multilayered panel backsheets was determined, identifying a TiO2-containing coating laminate, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer, and an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) encapsulant, while also estimating their thickness. Identifying the fluorine-containing layers allowed their selective removal and safe processing of the used panels. Thermal processing parameters such as temperature (400-550 °C), time (5 - 60 min) and orientation of the busbar relative to the heat source were optimized based on contact angle measurements and CIELAB color space analysis, techniques used to detect organic residues in recovered glass and silicone. The decomposition process was examined by thermal analysis coupled with mass spectroscopy, which revealed that there were no volatile fluorine compounds in the gases released, although fluorine was detected on the recovered glass surface by SEM - EDS examination. After the PVDF layer was removed, fluorine compounds were not found in volatile gases or on the surface of recovered inorganic materials. The study indicated that the orientation of the busbars facilitates the decomposition of organic matter. Methods for reusing recovered secondary materials were also provided, suggesting the potential applications and benefits of recycling components from silicon photovoltaic panels.